What is the function of a transformer in an electrical circuit?

A transformer plays a crucial role in electrical circuits by changing the voltage level of alternating current (AC) while maintaining the overall power levels. This function is essential for efficient power distribution and transmission. In essence, a transformer allows for the stepping up or stepping down of voltage to minimize energy loss when electricity is transported over long distances. By adjusting the voltage, transformers enable higher voltages for transmission over distance, which reduces current and subsequently minimizes resistive losses in the wires.

The maintenance of power levels (voltage multiplied by current) is a key aspect of transformer operation, illustrating how the device can either increase voltage and decrease current or decrease voltage and increase current while keeping power (in ideal conditions) consistent. This function is fundamental to the operation of electrical grids, ensuring that power generated at plants can be effectively utilized in homes and businesses.