What is the main difference between a series and a parallel circuit?

The primary distinction between a series circuit and a parallel circuit lies in the way the components are connected and how current flows through each configuration. In a series circuit, all components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for the current to travel. This means that if one component fails or is removed, the entire circuit is interrupted, stopping the flow of electricity to all components.

In contrast, a parallel circuit offers multiple paths for the current to flow. Each component is connected across the same two points, allowing current to take different routes. If one component in a parallel circuit fails, the other components can still function because the electricity can continue to flow through the remaining paths.

This fundamental difference in connectivity affects how circuits behave. For instance, in series circuits, the total resistance increases as more components are added, and the same current flows through all components. In contrast, in parallel circuits, the overall resistance decreases with additional paths, and each component experiences the same voltage across its terminals, regardless of how many components are added to the circuit.

Understanding this key difference is crucial for analyzing and designing electrical systems, as it impacts everything from circuit behavior to troubleshooting and safety measures.