What occurs during a short circuit?

During a short circuit, electricity flows along an unintended path, resulting in excessive current. This typically happens when a low-resistance connection is made between two points in an electrical circuit, bypassing the normal load. The unintentional path may occur due to damaged insulation, faulty wiring, or contact with conductive materials.

Since the circuit is designed to handle specific current levels corresponding to its load, this excessive current can lead to overheating, potential damage to components, and even fire hazards. Safety devices like circuit breakers or fuses are in place to detect the surge in current and disconnect the circuit to prevent these dangerous situations. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for maintaining electrical safety and ensuring proper circuit design.